Sore Throat Causes: Why Your Throat Hurts and What to Do

At EzMed Urgent Care, we often see patients experiencing sore throats and provide fast evaluation to determine the underlying cause.

Common Causes of Sore Throat

1. Viral Infections

The most frequent cause of a sore throat is a viral infection, including:

• Common cold viruses

• Flu (influenza)

• Mononucleosis (mono)

• COVID-19

Symptoms: runny nose, cough, mild fever, fatigue
Treatment: usually supportive care—rest, fluids, pain relievers

2. Strep Throat (Bacterial Infection)

Streptococcus pyogenes, or group A strep, can cause a severe sore throat requiring antibiotics.

Symptoms:

• Sudden, severe sore throat

• Painful swallowing

• Fever

• Red throat with white patches

• Swollen lymph nodes

Prompt evaluation is important to prevent complications like rheumatic fever.

3. Laryngitis

Laryngitis occurs when the voice box (larynx) becomes inflamed. Causes include viral infections, overuse of the voice, or irritation from smoke or acid reflux.

Symptoms:

• Hoarseness or loss of voice

• Scratchy throat

• Dry cough

Treatment: voice rest, hydration, humidifiers, and sometimes medications for underlying causes.

4. Allergies and Irritants

Exposure to pollen, dust, smoke, or chemicals can irritate the throat.

Symptoms:

• Itchy or scratchy throat

• Post-nasal drip

• Sneezing and watery eyes

Treatment: antihistamines, avoiding triggers, and humidified air.

5. Dehydration or Dry Air

Sometimes, a sore throat is caused by dry mouth or throat, especially in dry climates or during winter months.

Symptoms:

• Scratchy throat

• Mild discomfort

• Worsens at night or after mouth breathing

Treatment: increasing fluids, using a humidifier, and avoiding caffeine and alcohol.

6. Other Causes

Less common causes include:

• Acid reflux (GERD)

• Smoking or vaping

• Tonsillitis

• Rare infections or tumors (if persistent or severe)

When to See a Doctor

Seek urgent care if your sore throat is accompanied by:

• Difficulty breathing or swallowing

• Fever over 101°F

• Swelling of the throat or neck

• White patches or pus on the tonsils

• Symptoms lasting more than a week

At EzMed Urgent Care, we provide rapid testing for strep and COVID, evaluate viral and bacterial causes, and recommend the best treatment for quick relief.

Home Care Tips for a Sore Throat

• Drink plenty of fluids

• Use throat lozenges or warm saltwater gargles

• Rest your voice

• Avoid irritants like smoke or strong chemicals

• Use a humidifier to keep air moist

Final Takeaway:
Sore throats can be caused by viruses, bacteria, inflammation, allergies, dehydration, or irritants. Understanding the cause is key to relief and preventing complications. For persistent, severe, or concerning symptoms, EzMed Urgent Care offers same-day evaluation and treatment.

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